Published : April 08, 2018
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Mysore Chalo Movement (Sept-Oct 1947)
(Movement towards responsible government)
The Wodeyars of Mysore Jaya Chama Raja Wodeyar refused to establish Responsible Government his refusal made the Mysore congress organize the Mysore Chalo Movement under the leadership of K.C. Reddy and S.Nija Lingappa the leaders toured the whole of Karnataka to highlight the necessity of a responsible government in Mysore. The call for the Mysore Chalo Movement was given on 4th Sept 1947. Following which people from all walks of life the peasants, the industrial workers, writers, the officials and students and even women took part in this movement demanding that the Wodeyars from a responsible government. The participants destroyed government officers, removed railway lines, delinking telegraphic wires etc. Bringing the government machinery towards stand still & the Wodeyar resorted to the police action to auppress the movement. Finally when the movement became ir-repressible. The Wodeyar called for meeting b/w K.C. Reddy and Diwan Rama Swami Mudaliar, its outcome was that the Wodeyar agreed to grant responsible government to the people of Mysore. Accordingly on 24th Oct 1947. A responsible government came into existence when K.C. Reddy became the 1st chief minister of Mysore. Mysore became Karnataka on 1st Nov 1973. (The Chief Minister of Karnataka was Deva Raj Urs)
Unification of Karnataka (1956)
Introduced:-
The Unification Movement of Karnataka went hand in hand with the freedom struggle in Karnataka. By the beginning of 19th century most of Karnataka came under the occupation of British who divided the region into different administrative units. Ex:- Those part of Karnataka to the North of River Tungabhadra, Belgaum, Bijapur, Hubli, Dharwad formed the part of the Bombay presidency. Uttar Kannada, Dakshina Kannada and Bellary was included in the madras presidency Bidar, Gulbarga and Raichur was ruled by Nizam of Hyderabad and they were some princely states like Mysore and Jamkandi and some regions were ruled directly by the British like Bangalore and Kodagu. Thus there were all in all 20 such administrative units. Thus the people of Karnataka and the regions were divided and separated from one another. There plight was miserable as they could hold no government offices and students could not receive education in the native language
It was under these circumstances the freedom fighters of Karnataka decided to establish a separate state for the Kannada speaking people as early as 1856. Deputy Chenna Bassappa called for unifying all Kannada speaking territories. In 1890 the Karnataka Vidhya Vardaka Sanga was established at Dharwad. It declared its main objective which was to works towards unifying the Kannada speaking territories Alur Venkata Rao and Bengal Rama Rao played an important role in its activities. Alur Venkata Rao wrote articles in its journal the Vaga Bushan in which he criticized the partitioning of Bengal and even called for establishing a unified state of Karnataka. (Alur Venkata Rao is the author of Karnataka Gata Vaibhava). He was given tittles like Karnataka Kula Purohit.
In 1915 the Karnataka Sahitya Parishad came into existence founded by sir M.Vishveswaraiah. Henceforth writers, poets, journalists met to compose nationalist songs and poems. This literary plat form was to be served as the political platform in its long run. In 1916 the Karnataka sabha was founded which declared its main objective begin to work for a united state of Karnataka.
In 1920 the Karnataka State political conference was conveyed at Dharawad under the leadership of V.P.Madhva Rao the conference passed the resolution, which demanded the unification of Karnataka. The Nagpur session of the congress of 1920 called for establishing pradesh congress committees came into existence with Gangadhar Rao, Deshpande as its 1st president (he is called as the lion of Karnataka) Thus the movement towards unification received a fillip in 1924 at the Belgaum session of the congress which was presided over by Mahatma Gandhiji every attempt was made to highlight the history and culture of Karnataka. The venue was called vijayanagar the entrance gate was decorated like the gopura of virupaksha temple and Karnataka music was played by veena seshanna. It was here that the Karnataka Anthem was composed namely “UDAYA VAGALI NAMMA CHELUVA KANNADA NADU” by Huyugol of Narayana Rao.
After the congress session at the same place the Karnataka unification conference was convened. In 1926 the Karnataka Ekikarna Sabha was founded at Bellary, in 1928 the Hindustani Seva Dal conducted a signature campaign of those people who favoured unification. The Nehru Report of 1928 submitted by Motilal Nehru called for unifying all the Kannada speaking territories into a single province. But unification was not a easy task because the British was not read to merge the presidencies & establish a single presidencies nor were the princely states ready to form a single state. By 1946, It was clear that he British would be leaving India in the light of this possibility the Karnataka unification conference and all writers Kannada convention demanded a united state. The Bombay and Madras State Legislatives even passed a resolution that called for creating states on linguistics basis.
After Independence the number of administrative units in Karnataka was reduced to 5 the Central Government appointed the Dhar Commission to look into the issue of creating states on linguistic basis. Congress now appointed the JVP committee, which consisted of Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhai Patel and Pattabhi Sita Ramaiah that called for creating A.P but not Karnataka at the same time some regions like Mysore did not favour unification. As result poets like Gorur Rama Swamy Iyengar and Kuvempu undertook a tour and convinced the people of the need for a unified state. As unification still seemed to be a pipe dream some new organization came into existence like the Karnataka Ekikarna Paksha. The congress at its Hyderabad session in 1953 again called for creating A.P but not Karnataka Criticizing the congress resolution leader of Karnataka Doddamathi by name began a hunger strike in Dharawad. In the same year i.e. in 1953 K.R.Karanth founded The Akkanda Karnataka Rajya Nirmana Parishad, which began a masses agitation leaders like Doddamathi, chinappavali, S.Nijalingappa participated when pottery Sri.Ramulu died fasting, the state A.P was created. To look into the issue of creating Karnataka the government established the states Re-organization committee (SRC), also called as Fazil Ali, commission that consisted of Fazil Ali, Kunzur and Pannikar.
The commission submitted its. According the kannada speaking regions were unified and thus a unified state came into Existence called New Mysore state on 1st November, 1956 the chief minister of Mysore was Kengal Hanumanthaiah. New Mysore became Karnataka on 1st November 1973 under the c/m ship of Devaraju.
Three Events took place in Karnataka they are:
1. The Shivapur Flag Sathyagraha 1938
2. The Vidurashwatha Tragedy
3. The Esur Tragedy 1942
The Shivapur Flag Sathyagraha 1938
The Shivapur Flag Sathyagraha took place in the 1938 it is also called as the Shivapur Dwaja Sathyagraha. The Mysore congress came into existence in 1937. The 1st session held at Shivapur in Mandya. The president was T. Siddalingaiah. They decided to hoist the National Flag but the British passed the order not assemble at the Shivapur. The people assembled and hoisted the National Flag on 1938 Apr 11th this is the first place in the Karnataka to hoist the National Flag. In this session women leaders also participated such as Kamala Devi Chatoupadiaiah, Bellary Sidamma, and Parvathamma and so on.
The Vidurashwatha Tragedy
Vidurashwatha located in Gowribidhanur Taluk Kolar district. The Freedom Fighter meets and hoisted the National Flag on Apr 23 1938. But their was a prohibition that people should not assemble. This order was violated by the people so British fired upon the people at around 30-35 were killed and many were injured. Gandhiji called this tragedy as the Jillian Walla Bagh Massacre of Karnataka it is also called as the Vidurashwatha Tragedy. This is the Second place in the Karnataka to hoist the National Flag.
The Esur Tragedy
Esur is the small village in the Shimoga district. It is the scene of Quit India Movement. The people in Esur declared independent and opposed the British Rule. They established the Self Government. The people in the Esur did not allow the Police and the Amuldhar into the village. The policed fired upon the villagers the people got angry the united together and killed all the police and Amuldhar. They made 12 year boy Jaya as the Amuldhar
1. Name some earliest Organization founded to realize the goal of Unification
2. Who composed the Kannada anthem and what is it called as
3. In which year was the Karnataka Ekikarna Sabha founded (ans: 1926)
4. By which year was the Karnataka Ekikarna Sanga founded (ans: 1938 by Benegal Rama Rao at Bangalore)
5. Mention the poets who worked towards the Unification of Karnataka (ans: Gorur Ramaswamy Iyengar, K.V Puttappa, D. R Bendre)
6. Who established the Akkanda Karnataka Rajya Nirmana Parishad (ans: K.R Karanth)
7. Mention the leaders of Unification Movement?
8. When was the SRC committee established (ans: 1953)
9. Who are the members of the JVP committee? What is the outcome of the committee?
10. Who are the members of the SRC? What it is also called as?
11. Who is the C.M when New Mysore State came into existence?
12. When did New Mysore became Karnataka, Who was the C.M?
1. Who became the king of Mysore after Rendition?
2. Who is the 1st Diwan of Mysore after Rendition?
3. Mention the 2 famous Diwans of the Mysore?
4. Which king of the Mysore is called as the Morning Stare of Karnataka?
5. Who introduced the Mysore Civil Services?
6. Who established the Mysore Representative Assembly?
7. Which Diwan established the 1st Hydro Electric Power Project at which place?
8. Who is the king of the Mysore when India became Independence?
9. Which king is called as the Raja Rishi?
10. Who is the 1st person in the Karnataka to revolt against the British, Which the centre of his activity?
11. Mention the leaders of the Kittur Uprising?
12. Mention the leaders of the Coorge Uprising?
13. Mention the leaders of the revolt that took place in Karnataka following the revolt of 1857?
14. Who is Budi Bassappa, Which is centre of his activity?
15. In Which year INC founded? Who founded it, where was the 1st session held, Who was its president?
16. Name the leaders who took part in the 1st session of INC?
17. Mention the leaders of the Karnataka who took part in the NIC Movement in Karnataka?
18. Who founded the Mazzini Club, at which place?
19. Mention the leaders of Karnataka, who allied with the extremist?
20. Which is the only INC session held in Karnataka in which year, at which place and who is the president?
21. Who established the Charaka Sanga at which place?
22. Who is called as the "Lion of Karnataka"?
23. Who becomes the 1st President of KPCC?
24. Who is called as the Karnataka Gandhi?
25. Mention the Places the Salt Sathyagraha took place, Mention the leaders of the Salt Sathyagraha in Karnataka?
26. Mention the freedom fighter of the Karnataka who took part in the Dandhi March?
27. Mention the leaders Quit India Movement in Karnataka?
28. Mention the leader’s freedom fighter of Karnataka?
29. Mention the women freedom fighter of Karnataka?
30. Who is the author of the Karnataka Gatha Vaibhava?
31. Mention the early leaders of the Unification Movement of Karnataka?
32. Which is the earliest Organization, in which year founded to realize the Goal of unification of Karnataka and __________________________?
33. Which is the title of the Alu Venkata Rao?
34. Mention the some News Papers which fortected the sprit of Nationalism of Karnataka?
35. Which is the 1st News Papers in Karnataka and who started it?
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